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Cult of the Supreme Being
The Cult of the Supreme Being ((フランス語:Culte de l'Être suprême)) was a form of deism established in France by Maximilien Robespierre during the French Revolution.〔Jordan, pp. 199ff.〕 It was intended to become the state religion of the new French Republic.〔Neely, p. 212: "(T)he Convention authorized the creation of a civic religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being. On May 7, Robespierre introduced the legislation...."〕
== Origins ==
The French Revolution had given birth to many radical changes in France, but one of the most fundamental for the hitherto Catholic nation was the official rejection of religion. The first major organized school of thought emerged under the umbrella name of the Cult of Reason. Advocated by radicals like Jacques Hébert and Antoine-François Momoro, the Cult of Reason distilled a mixture of largely atheistic views into an anthropocentric philosophy. No gods at all were worshiped in the Cult—the guiding principle was devotion to the abstract conception of Reason.〔Kennedy, p. 343: "Momoro explained, 'Liberty, reason, truth are only abstract beings. They are not gods....'"〕
This rejection of all godhead appalled the rectitudinous Robespierre. Its offense was compounded by the "scandalous scenes" and "wild masquerades" attributed to its practice.〔Kennedy, p. 344.〕 In late 1793, Robespierre delivered a fiery denunciation of the Cult and its proponents〔Kennedy, p. 344: "Robespierre lashed out against de-Christianization in the Convention...."〕 and proceeded to give his own vision of proper Revolutionary religion. Devised almost entirely by Robespierre, ''Le culte de l'Être suprême'' was formally announced before the French National Convention on 7 May 1794.〔Doyle, p. 276 .〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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